Peaceful Day

It was a peaceful day,

Just like any other.

The sun was shining and it was warm.

This wonderful day came to hault,

In a blink of an eye.

I had no idea what was going on,

All of a sudden there were planes bombing everywhere.

Planes were flighting and bombs were going off.

Everyone was in a panic.

No one knew what was really going on.

The hospital became packed with injured people.

Injured people were everywhere.

It was all kinda a blur.

At the end of all this,

I saw many people from citizens to military personell die.

People lost members of their family.

People will forever remember this day.

The Guard Within

I stand here to keep people in,

Not to keep people out.

I stand here everyday

While people suffer.

As I stand here I see

Children, adults, elders suffer in these camps.

I see horrible beatings of innocent people.

I see people murdered because of they are Jews.

I see people forced into gas chambers,

And forced to work without food or water.

I feel that it is because of me and only me,

That these people are stuck inside.

During the Holocaust,

Ive seen around 1.1 million people suffer and die.

I stood there and watched,

All of these people suffered because of their religion.

Unit 6 Descriptive Logs

Alliance System
1. started by Bismarck
2. designed to maintain Germany's hegemony on the European continent
3. Germany defeated France in 1871
4. Germany was forced to cede two provinces Alsace-Lorraine
5. Bismarck tried to befriend Austria, Russia, Italy and Britain in order to isolate France

Trench Warfare
1. both opposing armies have static lines of defense
2. first trench warfare was employed by Muhammad against the Quraishi army
3. there were usually main trenches and other smaller trenchs that connected the larger ones
4. occurred during the American Civil War and Russo-Japanese War
5. most of the techniques used in trench warfare were ancient

Total War
1. a military conflict in which nations mobilize all available resources
2. used to destroy another nation's ability to engage in war
3. has been in use for centuries
4. first documented total war was the Peloponnesian War
5. war was fought between Athens and Sparta between 431 and 404 BC

Rationing
1. controlled distribution of resources
2. goods were usually scarce
3. has long been used in the military to make supplies last longer
4. limiting the purchase or usage of an item
5. allotement of scarce supplies

Propaganda
1. messages amied at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people
2. basic sense presents imformation in order to influence its audience
3. there are different techniques with advertising and public relations
4. advertising and public propaganda promote commercial products or organizations
5. particular opinion or poing of view

Treaty of Versailles
1. the peace treaty that ended WWI
2. signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
3. signed on November 11, 1918
4. treaty was between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany
5. Germany accepted full responsibility for causing the war

Fascism
1. an authoritarian political ideology
2. seek to forge a type of national unity
3. government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator.
4. movement based on or advocating such a system of government
5. dictatorial control

Totalitarianism
1. imposing a form of government
2. political authority exercises absolute and centralized control
3. opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed
4. practitioner or supporter of such a government
5. dictatorial

Adolf Hitler
1. a German politician
2. became leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)
3. was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933
4. remained in office until his suicide in 1945
5. after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934, he declared himself the leader

Holocaust
1. used to describe the killing of approximately 6 million European Jews
2. led by Adolf Hitler
3. genocide of European Jews
4. destruction on a mass scale
5. lasted from 1941 to 1945

D-day
1. a day on which an operation is to be launched
2. day on which allied forces invaded France during WWI
3. June 6, 1944
4. indicates the beginning of an attack
5. marks military operations on a specific date

Nuremberg Trials
1. series of trials held in Nuremberg, Germany
2. from 1945 to 1949
3. best known trial was Trial of the Major War Criminals
4. series of notable trials for the presecution of prominent members of the Nazi party
5. Allied powers Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the United States

Go To War? Heck No! Techno!

If a country just comes into another country and just kills people for no reason at all, then, yes war is quite necessary. But nothing to extravagant. Just go into that country for a few months and let them know who the boss is. Other than that I dont believe war is necessary for anything. Countries these days go to war if one country so much as says something that another country does not approve of. I think that is just a waste of money and a very large inconvenience for those in the military. I myself have 3 cousins in the Army and 2 of which are in Iraq and the other leaving for Iraq in December. Families of those that have to go overseas are devestated when they discover their loved ones have to go across the world to fight for something that is not worth fighting for. Therefore I believe war is not necessary.

Without these Revolutions, Where would we be?

I believe the Scientific Revolution has had the largest affect on the world today. For example, many things were invented and many inventions were improved.

1. Galileo Galilei improved the telescope and with the improvements he discovered many astronomical observations like phases of the planet Venus and the moons of Jupiter. Without these improvements and finding we probably would know to much about things that go on with the planets and other objects in space.

2. Isaac Newton developed calculus which lead to new applications of the methods of mathematics to science. He discovered the law of gravity and explained the orbit of the planets. Without these things that Newton discovered we wouldnt know anything about the way gravity works or the way planets orbit around the sun.

The Industrial Revolution was when most things were invented and some things were improved.

3. Thomas Savery made the first real attempt to use steam power for industrial use. Thomas Newcomen made the first safe and successful power plant. These attempts made it so that the factories and mills could be more fuel and energy efficient.

4. Gas lighting was a major industry. Gas lighting allowed factories and stores to remain open longer. Today, if the method had never been developed, all the stores and factories would probably close at sunset instead of at night.

5. Canals being built allowed ships to travel between different seaports. Therefore, trade and buying and selling in different parts of the country became possible. The building of canals also lead to the idea of railways. Without the canals buying and selling in different parts of the country and different cities would have not be possible.

6. Roads were not something that you didnt see but larger roads such as highways and interstates were not very popular. John Metcalf, Thomas Telford and John Macadam built these new larger roads also known as turnpikes. These roads would charge tolls therefore the money could be used to maintain the actual road. Tolls are still used today, not so much in the south but in the north.

7. Benjamin Franklin was involved with writing the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of 1787. The United States probably wouldnt be an independent country if it werent for Benjamin Franklin helping write the Declaration of Independence.

8. Thomas Paine was famous for writing Common Sense. The pamphlet was a key in fomenting the American Revolution. During the American Revolution is when the United States gained Independence from the British.

9. Nationalism can be defined as many things but the main idea of it is political movement. Cultural nationalism is one of the most important type of nationalism because it means to share different cultures. If cultural nationalism were not accomplished then everyone would hate others who were not the same culture as them. Therefore, people would be racist. Today, racism is not that big of a problem due to cultural nationalism.

10. Scientific imperialism had a large impact on the country. It is the idea that all decisions have a scientific method. This idea is kinda like being able to explain the problem and find a solution to it in different steps. This idea is taught in schools today. Its like an easy way to slove problems.

Worldly Changes

When the Europeans started exploring and colonizing the world started to change as well. The Europeans used the land and its resources different from the way the Natives used the land and the resources. The Natives needed the land and everything that went along with it to survive. The Europeans did not use the land as the natives did. When the Spanish and Europeans came to the New World they had good expectations such as building churches and other things but when they started to destroy the land, they also started to destroy the lives of the Natives. The Europeans and Spanish treated the Natives well in the beginning then they enslaved the Natives. All of these things benefited the Europeans and Spanish in the end because the New World had many resources and goods that they have never seen or heard off therefore, they decided to take the goods back the to Old World and claim them. Taking new things back the Old World helped make some of the goods better. Like chocolate, it had a bitter-sweet taste and the Europeans added sugar to it and made it much more satisfying. In Conclusion, the Europeans and Spanish coming to the New World helped them but hurt the Natives.

Unit 5 Descriptive Logs

Heliocentric Theory
1. the sun is the center of the universe
2. Copernicus presented a full mathematical model of the theory
3. became the center of major religious dispute
4. states some or all of the planets revolve around the sun
5. Nicolaus Copernicus was the person who thought of this theory


Galileo
1. he was a physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher
2. played a major role in the scientific revolution
3. improved the telescope
4. he supported Copernicus
5. studied accelerated motion


Enlightenment
1. 18th century movement in European and American philosophy
2. emphasized the use of reason and experience
3. movement of intellectual liberation
4. had major influence on Bill of Rights and Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
5. influenced socialism and anarchism


Absolute Monarch
1. monarchical form of government
2. has power to rule his or her land or country and its citizens freely
3. has some laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force
4. has power over aristocracy and clergy
5. some have powerless or symbolic parliaments


Louis XIV
1. ruled as King of France and of Navarre
2. acceded the throne in 1643
3. remained on the throne until his death in 1715
4. acceded the throne a few months after his 5th birthday
5. he reign spanned 72 years


French Revolution
1. 1789 - 1799
2. a period of political and social unheaval in political history of France and Europe
3. absolute monarchy underwent many changes based on Enlightenment principles
4. the changes resulted in violent turmoil
5. Napoleonic wars resulted in the revolution


Napoleon Bonaparte
1. a french military and political leader
2. had significant impact on modern European history
3. he was a general during the French Revolution
4. Mediator of the Swiss Confederation
5. Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine


Industrial Revolution
1. period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries
2. agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation had effect on socioeconomic
3. had effect on cultural conditions in Britain as well
4. spread throughout Europe and North America
5. eventually spread throughout the world


Adam Smith
1. a Scottish moral philosopher
2. a pioneering political economist
3. wrote two treatises
4. his work helped create the modern academic discipline of economics
5. one of the best-known intellectual rationales for free trade, capitalism and libertarianism


Karl Marx
1. 19th century philosopher, political economist and revolutionary
2. addressed a wide range of political and social issues
3. famous for his analysis of history
4. believed capitalism will be displaced by communism
5. he was a scholar and a political activist


Imperialism
1. forceful extension of a nation's authority
2. territorial conquest establishing economic and political domination
3. control of one or more countries by a dominant nation
4. policy of systematic domination by one country to another country
5. indicates a degree of dependence in the subordinate


Nationalism
1. refers to doctrine or political movement
2. has the right to constitute an independent or autonomous political community
3. usually defined in terms of ethnicity or culture
4. devoting the the interests or culture of one's nation
5. belief that nations will benefit from acting independently

Please grant access.

Dear Your Highness,
I have written you hoping that you would grant my wish to embark on a journey across the sea to a new land. I wish to set sail in May of 1497. The Caravel we will be sailing on is the Matthew. I plan on sailing across the sea in hopes of finding the Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island. While I embark on my journey, my main goals are to help spread Christianity and bring the three G's back to our land. My sailors and I will be using a compass and the portolan map to help us navigate. I believe you will be very pleased with the new things I will be bringing back to our homeland, things such as gold and spices. When we discover new things we will bring glory to all of England. I am pleased to have spoken with you about my excursion. Please be greatful and help with the expenses during my journey.

Thankyou,
John Cabot
January 9, 1497

Me? Go to Space?

Ive never been to space before so I believe that I could learn a lot from the experience. I would learn about the different planets, stars and meteors. I could also become famous for going and discovering new things. There could potentially be some type of danger involved with traveling into the "unknown". A million things could go wrong such as getting lost and not being able to find my way back to earth. The spaceship could like break down or something. I would really freak out. But other than a few things going wrong, I would be on the space shuttle in a heartbeat.

Unit 4 Descriptive Logs

Aztec
1. term used to refer to certain ethnic groups or central Mexico
2. groups that spoke Nahuatl language
3. a member of a people of central Mexico
4. civilization was at its height at the time of the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century
5. came to control large areas of Mesoamerica north of the Gulf of Tehuantepec





Inca
1. a member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru
2. established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest
3. a ruler or high-ranking member of the Inca empire
4. a member of any of the peoples ruled by the Incas
5. largest empire in pre-Columbian America





Christopher Columbus
1. a navigator, colonizer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas
2. established the New World
3. first voyage was in 1492
4. discovered San Salvador Island
5. opened the door to the Americas





Colony
1. territory under the immediate political control of a state.
2. a group of people with the same interests or ethnic background
3. British colonies became the original 13 states of the US
4. "overseas possession"
5. people from different countries settle and start a town





Conquistador
1. a conqueror
2. a leader in a Spanish conquest
3. a small group of adventurers
4. sometimes were armies
5. a person on a conquest to the Americas or Mexico





Hernando Cortes
1. a Spanish conquistador
2. began the first phase of Spanish colonization in the Americas
3. conquistador of Mexico
4. sailed for in the New World in 1504
5. conquered the Aztecs





Francisco Pizarro
1. conqueror of the Inca Empire
2. Spanish conquistador
3. founded the city of Lima
4. conquistador of Peru
5. went to the New World in 1502





Mestizo
1. a person of mixed racial ancestry
2. mix of European and Native American ancestry
3. used in Spanish Empire
4. form the majority of Latin America population
5. mixed foreign ancestry





Middle Passage
1. forced transportation of African people from Africa to New World
2. Atlantic slave trade
3. goods were sold and traded for slaves
4. over 2o million were taken into slavery
5. slaves were taken across the Atlantic to the Caribbean and Americas





Triangular Trade
1. trade between ports and regions
2. trade between West Africa, West Indies, and Europe
3. most notorious during 18th century
4. usually traded slaves
5. cloth, copper, trinkets, guns and ammunition traded





Columbian Exchange
1. exchange of plants, animals, foods, slaves etc.
2. trade between western and eastern hemisphere
3. ecology, agriculture, and culture
4. contact between old and new world
5.

Printing Press vs The modern internet

The printing press had a huge effect on the spread of knowledge although, I believe the internet has had a much larger effect than the printing press. The printing press made it easy to print books and things which would help your knowledge very much. But, when it comes to actually using books to learn things you have to have MANY books. When you use the internet you basically have the entire world at you fingertips. Especially if you use google.com. The only down fall I guess you could have while using the internet is that it may be difficult to use if you cant type very well. On the internet you can also communicate with other people with things such as email, myspace, im or blogger.

Carpe Diem

I know right off hand Carpe Diem means "seize the day". Do you honestly think that people wake up in the morning and are like "I hope I fail at everything I try to do today"... maybe not. I have never thought that, ever. I dont many people try to fail at the things they want to succeed at. Most people want to be successful at the things they do. I also think that it means that you should live your life to the fullest. No matter what, because you never know what might happen. I actually used to have a layout on my myspace page that said Carpe Diem.

Descriptive Log Unit 3

Middle Ages
1. schematic division of European history into 3 "ages"
2. lasted from the 5th century to the Renissance
3.great change in culture, politics, science, society, agriculture and economics
4. referred as the "medieval period"
5. comes from the latin word medius (middle) and aevus (age)


Feudalism
1. set or reciprocal legal and military obligations
2. 3 concepts of lords, vassals, fiefs
3. nobility of warriors during the Middle Ages
4. lord was a noble that owned land, vassal was a person who was granted land by the lord, and the land itself was known as a fief.
5. term arose during the European Middle Ages


bubonic plague
1. mainly a disease in rodents and fleas
2. best known variant of the deadly infectious disease caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis
3. from 1347 to 1351, the Black Death swept through Eurasia
4. Black Death continued to strike parts of Europe throughout the 14th century
5. spread mainly by black rats in Asia


secular
1. worldly rather than spiritual
2. relating to or advocating secularism
3. lasting from century to century
4. occuring once in an age or century
5. a member of secular clergy


Renaissance Man
1. a man who has broad intellectual interests
2. a man who is accomplished in areas of arts and science
3. a modern scholar
4. a modern scholar who is in position to acquire more than superficial knowledge
5. there is a movie called Renaissance Man (1994)


Renaissance
1. means "rebirth"
2. roughly spanned from the 14th to 17th century
3. cultural movement
4. influenced literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, etc.
5. people liked to party :)


Protestant Reformation
1. began with Martin Luther's activities
2. ended with Peace of Westphalia
3. attempt to refrom the Catholic Church
4. movement in Europe
5. sale of indulgences


Johann Gutenberg
1. invented the printing press
2. invented printing press around 1439
3. major work: Gutenberg Bible
4. was a German goldsmith
5. major factor in the Reformation



Martin Luther
1. German monk
2. theologian
3. church reformer
4. founder of Protestantism
5. translated the Bible into German


Henry VIII
1. King of England
2. Lord of Ireland
3. later became the King of Ireland
4. second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
5. second monarch of the House of Tudor

Field Trip #3

Congregation Children of Israel

When we first walked we met Rabbi Gerson. The buliding was amazing and so was everything inside of it. Everything looked like it was made of gold because everything was so shiny and pretty. haha. but anyways, the Rabbi was every informative about the religion. I thought it was really cool when he spoke Hebrew. I wish i knew how to speak Hebrew. The scroll that the Rabbi took from the cabinet, looked every old and fragile. I also think the Hebrew is very pretty when its written. Over all I learned a lot about the religion. When i first walked in there i didnt know anything at all about the religon.

Field Trip #2

St. Joseph's Catholic Church

we visited St. Joseph's Catholic Church. Benedict and Father David McGuinness. Father David spoke to us at the beginning and then Benedict like took over. She was very informative about everything. I learned many new things about the religion while we were there. We spent most of our time in the Sanctuary. Which I can say was the most beautiful church I've ever been to. My favorite was the stained glass windows. Over all the Catholic Church was my favorite.

Field Trip #1

Al Huda Islamic Center

This was the first place we went on our field trip. it was kinda cool. we got to like take our shoes off and stuff. at first i was kinda like "why do we have to take our shoes off?" then the guy, Hisham Ahmed, told us that we were going into the room where they worship and that when everyone comes to worship everyone removes their shoes and goes to a place on the carpet. the carpet was very cool. it had bright colors and what not and the design on the carpet made a perfect little place for each person to kneel and pray. over all i think this place was my favorite. considering that Hisham was like super duper nice and he was pretty cool too. he had a good sense of humor.

Why does religion exist?

i believe religion exists because people needed someone or something to worship. like some people believe in different ways the world was created and how people were created. therefore, people started developing different religions.

Descriptive Blog Unit 2

Religion
1. set of common beliefs and practices
2. codified as prayer, ritual and religious law
3. refers to both personal and group rituals
4. encompasses traditions, writings, history and mythology
5. refers to personal practices related to communal faith.


Karma
1. total effect of a person's actions
2. determines a person's destiny
3. influence of individual's past actions
4. reincarnation
5. present life is only one in a chain of lives


Nirvana
1. paradise
2. state of freedom
3. extinction of desires and passions
4. ideal condition of rest, harmony, stability or joy
5. supreme goal of the disciplines of meditation


Eightfold Way
1. forms the fourth part of the Four Noble Truths
2. Buddhist tradition
3. three basic categories
4. Wisdom, Ethical conduct, and Mental discipline
5. sense of "perfection"


Reincarnation
1. rebirth of the sould in another body
2. major characteristic of Asian religions, mainly, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism
3. existence of an immortal soul
4. subject to karma
5. literall "to be made flesh again"


Yahweh
1. God of Israel
2. ancient Hebrew ineffable name for God
3. preserved in the original consonantal Hebrew Bible text
4. a name for God assumed by modern scholars
5. modern reconstruction of YHWH


10 Commandments
1. list of religious and moral imperatives
2. featured prominently in Judaism and Christianity
3. given in passages in two books of the Bible
4. commandments represent the utterances of God
5. given directly by God to the people of Israel


Allah
1. arabic word for "God"
2. mostly used by Muslims
3. in Islam, Allah is the only deity
4. term does not have a plural form
5. term is used by Arab, Christians, and Muslims


Five Pillars
1. Shahadah (profession of faith)
2. Salah (ritual prayer)
3. Zakah (alms tax)
4. Sawm (fasting during Ramadan)
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)


Prophet
1. follower from a holy person or thing
2. formal representative of one God
3. a predictor
4. chief spokesperson of a movement or cause
5. person gifted with profound moral insight

Descriptive Log

Polytheism
1. Ancient Greeks and Romans were polytheistic.
2.Wide spread in the ancient world.
3. Believe in multiple Gods or Deities.
4. Aryans worshipped many Gods.
5. gods are complex personages of greater or lesser status
6. gods usually have particular functions
7. gods sometimes subjects of myths or lengends
8. clearest modern example of polytheism is Hinduism
9. comes from the greek words ploy theoi "many gods"
10. gods have individual powers, abilities, and knowledge



Monotheism
1.Believe in one God or Deity.
2. came from henotheistic and panetheistic notions from the Late Bronze Age
3. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are primary monotheistic religions
4. first recorded in Egypt
5. most common in the West
6. comes from two greek words monos meaning "one" and theos meaning "God "
7.earliest known instance dates in 14th century B.C. in Egypt
8. view God as the creator of the world
9. one personal god unifies the universe
10. english term first used by Hannah More in 1660



Cuneiform
1. earliest written expression
2. created by Sumerians
3. began as system of pictograms
4. written on clay tablets
5. originated around 2008 B.C.
6. comes from 2 latin words, cuneus "wedge" and forma "shape"
7. pictograms were simular to Egyptian hieroglyphics
8. used in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian writing
9. used from the 3rd to the 1st millennia B.C.
10. over time pictorial representations became simplified and more abstract



Hieroglyphics
1. a system of writing
2. pictorial symbols used to represent meanings or sounds or a combination of both
3. often used in plural with a singular or plural verb
4. used in ancient Egypt
5. similar of that of Crete, Asia Minor, Central America and Mexico
6. 604 symbols
7. written in several directions
8. divided into 4 categories
9. perfected between 3110-2884 B.C
10. usually written from left to right




Hammurabi’s Code
1. Hammurabi became first king of Babylonian Empire
2. inherited the throne from his father, Sin-Muballit in 1792 B.C.
3. wriiten on a large stone monument and placed in a public place
4. contained 282 laws
5. first example of the legal concept
6. oldest set of laws known to exist
7. created to protect all classes of Babylonian society, including women and slaves
8. "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth" theory
9. engraved on an 8 foot high black stone monument
10. ensured peace and justice with the laws



"Golden Age"
1. The Gupta Period
2. a period of peace, harmony, stability and prosperity
3. comes from greek mythology
4. highest age in the greek spectrum of iron, bronze, silver and golden ages
5. untroubled and proserous era
6. people lived in ideal happiness
7. human kind was pure and immortal
8. usually ends with a devestating event
9. part of a mythical interpretation of history
10. peace and harmony prevailed during this age



Mandate of Heaven
1. traditional chinese sovereignty concept of legitimacy
2. used to support the kings of Zhou Dynasty
3. first used by the Zhou Dynasty
4. has no time limitations
5. has a performance standard
6. linked to the notion of the dynastic cycle
7. floods or famines were divine signs from the heaven in violation of the Mandate
8. also used to support the Emperors of China
9. Heaven blessed the authority of a just ruler
10. first era name of the Qin Dynasty



Patriarch
1. senior males rule the family
2. comes from greek words pater "father" and archon "leader"
3. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob referred to as the 3 patriarchs of Judaism
4. one who creates, founds, or originates
5. used as a title for bishops
6. one who founded or is the original head or an enterprise, organization, or tradition.
7. a very old, venerable man
8.
9.
10.



Polis
1. a city, city-state or citizenship
2. originates in ancient greek city-states
3. developed during the Archaic period
4. an independent city and its surrounding region
5. under a unified governement
6. citizens had certain obligations towards the city
7.
8.
9.
10.



Republic
1. form of government
2. maitained by a state or country
3. mutually exclusive
4. supreme power lies in the body of the citizens
5. head of state is usually a president
6. nation that has political order
7. sovereign state ruled by representatives
8. administration of affairs is open to all citizens
9.
10.

Preview Reflection: Civilization

Civilization

Civilization can mean many things from being finanically stable or just belonging to a certain country. People that are consider civilians usually belong to a country and have freedom. Civilization can also mean that a certain part of land that was once not occupied my people is now occupied by people and has industries, homes, etc. People move to these civilized cities to start new lives and raise their children in a stable environment.